diff --git a/.github/workflows/docker-develop.yml b/.github/workflows/docker-develop.yml
index a43789b754..8b85cf2ecf 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/docker-develop.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/docker-develop.yml
@@ -6,38 +6,84 @@ on:
       - develop
   workflow_dispatch:
 
+env:
+  REGISTRY_IMAGE: misskey/misskey
+
 jobs:
-  push_to_registry:
-    name: Push Docker image to Docker Hub
+  # see https://docs.docker.com/build/ci/github-actions/multi-platform/#distribute-build-across-multiple-runners
+  build:
+    name: Build
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        platform:
+          - linux/amd64
+          - linux/arm64
     if: github.repository == 'misskey-dev/misskey'
     steps:
+      - name: Prepare
+        run: |
+          platform=${{ matrix.platform }}
+          echo "PLATFORM_PAIR=${platform//\//-}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
       - name: Check out the repo
         uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.1
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        id: buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3.0.0
-        with:
-          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
-      - name: Docker meta
-        id: meta
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
-        with:
-          images: misskey/misskey
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
       - name: Log in to Docker Hub
         uses: docker/login-action@v3
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USERNAME }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }}
-      - name: Build and Push to Docker Hub
+      - name: Build and push by digest
+        id: build
         uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
         with:
-          builder: ${{ steps.buildx.outputs.name }}
           context: .
           push: true
-          platforms: ${{ steps.buildx.outputs.platforms }}
+          platforms: ${{ matrix.platform }}
           provenance: false
-          tags: misskey/misskey:develop
+          tags: ${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}:develop
           labels: develop
           cache-from: type=gha
           cache-to: type=gha,mode=max
+          outputs: type=image,name=${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }},push-by-digest=true,name-canonical=true,push=true
+      - name: Export digest
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/digests
+          digest="${{ steps.build.outputs.digest }}"
+          touch "/tmp/digests/${digest#sha256:}"
+      - name: Upload digest
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: digests-${{ env.PLATFORM_PAIR }}
+          path: /tmp/digests/*
+          if-no-files-found: error
+          retention-days: 1
+
+  merge:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs:
+      - build
+    steps:
+      - name: Download digests
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          path: /tmp/digests
+          pattern: digests-*
+          merge-multiple: true
+      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+      - name: Login to Docker Hub
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        with:
+          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USERNAME }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }}
+      - name: Create manifest list and push
+        working-directory: /tmp/digests
+        run: |
+          docker buildx imagetools create --tag ${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}:develop \
+            $(printf '${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}@sha256:%s ' *)
+      - name: Inspect image
+        run: |
+          docker buildx imagetools inspect ${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}:develop
diff --git a/.github/workflows/docker.yml b/.github/workflows/docker.yml
index 08cb91c2d0..42acc0ce8a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/docker.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/docker.yml
@@ -5,24 +5,34 @@ on:
     types: [published]
   workflow_dispatch:
 
-jobs:
-  push_to_registry:
-    name: Push Docker image to Docker Hub
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+env:
+  REGISTRY_IMAGE: misskey/misskey
 
+jobs:
+  # see https://docs.docker.com/build/ci/github-actions/multi-platform/#distribute-build-across-multiple-runners
+  build:
+    name: Build
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        platform:
+          - linux/amd64
+          - linux/arm64
     steps:
+      - name: Prepare
+        run: |
+          platform=${{ matrix.platform }}
+          echo "PLATFORM_PAIR=${platform//\//-}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
       - name: Check out the repo
         uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.1
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        id: buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3.0.0
-        with:
-          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
       - name: Docker meta
         id: meta
         uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
         with:
-          images: misskey/misskey
+          images: ${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}
           tags: |
             type=edge
             type=ref,event=pr
@@ -36,14 +46,59 @@ jobs:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USERNAME }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }}
       - name: Build and Push to Docker Hub
+        id: build
         uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
         with:
-          builder: ${{ steps.buildx.outputs.name }}
           context: .
           push: true
-          platforms: ${{ steps.buildx.outputs.platforms }}
+          platforms: ${{ matrix.platform }}
           provenance: false
           tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }}
           labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
           cache-from: type=gha
           cache-to: type=gha,mode=max
+          outputs: type=image,name=${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }},push-by-digest=true,name-canonical=true,push=true
+      - name: Export digest
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/digests
+          digest="${{ steps.build.outputs.digest }}"
+          touch "/tmp/digests/${digest#sha256:}"
+      - name: Upload digest
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: digests-${{ env.PLATFORM_PAIR }}
+          path: /tmp/digests/*
+          if-no-files-found: error
+          retention-days: 1
+
+  merge:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs:
+      - build
+    steps:
+      - name: Download digests
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          path: /tmp/digests
+          pattern: digests-*
+          merge-multiple: true
+      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+      - name: Docker meta
+        id: meta
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
+        with:
+          images: ${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}
+      - name: Login to Docker Hub
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        with:
+          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USERNAME }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }}
+      - name: Create manifest list and push
+        working-directory: /tmp/digests
+        run: |
+          docker buildx imagetools create $(jq -cr '.tags | map("-t " + .) | join(" ")' <<< "$DOCKER_METADATA_OUTPUT_JSON") \
+            $(printf '${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}@sha256:%s ' *)
+      - name: Inspect image
+        run: |
+          docker buildx imagetools inspect ${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}:${{ steps.meta.outputs.version }}